Subsection (8) was amended in 2002 to clarify that an individual who becomes a parent through assisted reproduction as provided in Article 7 is not a "donor." Similarly, if bracketed Article 8, Gestational Agreement, is enacted, an individual who is an intended parent through the procedure implemented in that article is not a "donor." No substantive change is intended by this clarification.

Subsection (9), "ethnic or racial group," relates to an individual only for purposes of genetic testing. The genetic tests themselves do not determine the race or ethnic group of the individual. Rather, if a tested individual is not excluded, his race or ethnic group provided is used in the paternity calculations because those calculations give the most conservative result, that is, those most favoring non-paternity.

Subsection (10), "genetic testing," contemplates that paternity testing must be broadly defined to include all of the traditional genetic tests, such as blood types and HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen), as well as newer DNA technologies. In the past the term "blood test" was commonly applied to paternity testing. However, this usage actually referred to the sample collected; in fact, the tests were genetic tests performed on blood samples. The Act uses the scientific term "deoxyribonucleic acid." This is to accommodate the changes in technology used to evaluate the DNA. Early DNA testing involved RFLP technology (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), followed by PCR techniques (Polymerase Chain Reaction); these may be replaced by newer technology, such as SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms). The type of DNA technology to be employed is best left to scientific bodies, such as accreditation agencies, see § 503(a), infra.

Subsection (11), "gestational mother," is derived from USCACA (1988) § 1(4), which employed the now-discarded term "surrogate mother" to define the same factual circumstances dealt with in bracketed Article 8, Gestational Agreement, infra. For purposes of this Act, a woman giving birth to her own genetic child, a.k.a. "birth mother," is distinguished from a "gestational mother." The former is both a gestational and genetic mother, while the latter also gives birth to a child, who may or may not be her genetic child. In the Act the term "gestational mother" is narrowly defined to restrict it to a